Discover the Health Benefits of Medicinal Mushrooms & Supplements

Since the dawn of humanity, people have been consuming mushrooms for the health benefits associated with them. Records note that they were revered by the ancient Greeks and ancient Romans, and they have been a mainstay in traditional Eastern medicine for thousands of years – an impressively long track record. Recently, the effects of medicinal mushrooms have gained more popularity in the mainstream, and people worldwide are noticing the health benefits of mushrooms. At Adaptogen Superfoods™, we provide only the very best medicinal and healing mushrooms packed with essential vitamins and minerals, antioxidants, polysaccharides, beta glucans, and triterpenes that ensure you’re receiving the most powerful mushrooms for your health.

*The following statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Consult with your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional before using this product. Due to the thousands of species of mushrooms available, the efficacy of medicinal mushrooms has not been confirmed by enough research to satisfy the FDA, and the traditional use of medicinal mushrooms does not establish that this product will achieve any claimed results since additional research is necessary. Further studies to confirm the findings of each different species of mushroom’s best use would be ideal since the potency/formulation used in clinical studies varies not only between each study but also between the Ataptogenin™ formulation. Until then, however, we at Adaptogen Superfoods are confident that the Ataptogenin™ formulation has the best quality and ratio of medicinal mushrooms available today.

The Medicinal Mushroom Index

Each and every Adaptogen Superfoods product is made of medicinal mushrooms and are under the category of functional food. Through mushroom supplementation we are leading the way to health and wellness.

Below, you'll find our ever-expanding index of medicinal mushroom descriptions, current uses and benefits to your health. All different types of medicinal mushrooms have varying nutritional profiles due to their different compositions. You can find combinations of each of these powerhouse healing mushrooms right in our very own Adaptogenic Supplements online store. This index showcases a small handful of the most commonly used medicinal mushroom supplements and some scientific studies that support them. Mushroom health benefits have been appearing on the radar of scientists and health care providers everywhere as they start to find more information on how medicinal mushrooms can be a vital part of promoting a healthy lifestyle.

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Chaga Reishi Maitake Turkey Tail Royal Sun Blazei

Cordyceps Shiitake Lion's Mane Mesima Artist's Conk Enokitake

Chaga (Kabanoanatake) – Scientific Name: Inonotus Obliquus

Chaga medicinal mushrooms are known to grow in the forests of Eastern Europe and Russia on birch, alder and spruce trees. It is not technically a mushroom but more of a mass of mycelia known to be incredibly rich in various antioxidants. Traditionally, Chaga’s mushroom benefits were ingested by being infused into tea. Chaga medicinal mushroom supplements may provide benefits related to:

Relieving stress
Boosting energy levels
Promoting anti-cancer properties
Reducing the symptoms of viral infection
Alleviating inflammation
Reducing the symptoms of psoriasis

Cordyceps (Tochukaso) – Scientific Name: Ophiocordyceps Sinensis

Cordyceps medicinal mushrooms are sometimes referred to as the “caterpillar mushrooms” because of their appearance. What makes Cordyceps unique to other species of medicinal mushrooms is how they grow in the wild. They will typically take an insect host rather than a plant to grow parasitically. With over 700 species of cordyceps known, this powerhouse medicinal mushroom is known to contain a large number of nucleoside analogs – a rich source of antiviral agents. The health benefits of Cordyceps mushrooms may include properties to assist in:

Alleviating the effects of aging
Reducing the causes of cancer
Increasing energy levels
Increasing sexual function
Supporting lung, liver and kidney function

Reishi (Mannentake) – Scientific Name: Ganoderma Lucidum

In Japanese, mannentake means “10,000-year mushroom.” Reishi are among some of the most famous medicinal mushroom supplements because of the benefits associated with them. Reishi mushrooms contain a combination of a high polysaccharide content and triterpenoid compounds which are great for human health and nutritional value. Reishi mushroom benefits include their:

Anti-cancer properties
Anti-aging properties
Anti-inflammatory properties
Antioxidant properties
Anti-microbial properties
Allergy-reducing effects
Insomnia support
Cardiovascular support
Properties to help reduce the symptoms of nausea often associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments

Shiitake – Scientific Name: Lentinula Edodes

Shiitake mushrooms have long been essential ingredients in Asian dishes and are known for being delicious. If you’ve ever been to an Asian restaurant, chances are you’ve consumed Shiitake mushrooms. Shiitake is also an important medicinal mushroom with an excellent nutritional profile that’s high in vitamin D2, B vitamins and phytonutrients. Taking shiitake medicinal mushroom supplements may provide benefits that:

Assist in the prevention of cancer-causing factors
Protect against microbial infection
Boost immune support
Help maintain a healthy level of cholesterol

Maitake – Scientific Name: Grifola Frondosa

Maitake has long been considered a famous gourmet mushroom by renowned chefs the world over. Aside from being a great source of nutritional value, Maitake medicinal mushrooms have been found to contain high levels of polysaccharides that are beneficial to humans. Maitake medicinal mushrooms are commonly used for:

Their anti-carcinogenic properties
Their assistance in immune support
Relieving symptoms associated with diabetes
Helping maintain healthy cholesterol
Assisting symptoms associated with hypertension

Turkey Tail (Kawaratake) – Scientific Name: Trametes Versicolor

Turkey Tail has also been called “the mushroom of several colors,” describing its colorful appearance. Turkey tail medicinal mushrooms contain very high levels of polysaccharide-K, which has been shown to be so effective, it is an approved anticancer prescription drug in Japan. Turkey Tail medicinal mushrooms may:

Assist in supporting health in the fight against cancer
Provide immune support
Assist in health when affected with HIV
Assist in health when affected with herpes
Help limit the symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Lion’s Mane (Yamabushitake) – Scientific Name: Hericium Erinaceus

Lion’s Mane may be one of the most popular and widely known medicinal mushrooms to date. This great-tasting mushroom has been referred to as “the mushroom of the mind” because of its well-known association with supporting brain function. You can take Lion’s Mane medicinal mushrooms for possible benefits in:

Stimulating cognitive function
Improving some symptoms for those affected by Alzheimer’s Disease
Stimulating brain health for those affected by dementia
Assisting in symptoms related to neuropathy
Assisting in symptoms related to nerve damage
Assisting in symptoms related to anxiety/depression
Assisting in symptoms related to MRSA
Assisting in symptoms related to menopausal syndrome

Royal Sun Blazei (Himematsutake) – Scientific Name: Agaricus Blazei

Royal Sun Blazei for mushroom supplements

The Royal Sun Blazei medicinal mushroom has also been referred to as “the mushroom of the sun.” These medicinal mushrooms come chock full of beta-glucans, proteins, lipids, proteoglycans and plenty of minerals. Scientists only discovered the Royal Sun Blazei mushrooms’ health benefits about 40 years ago, but it’s exploded in popularity since then. The unique compounds in this medicinal mushroom may be helpful in:

Cancer prevention support
Immune support
Diabetes support
Healthy cholesterol maintenance
May reduce the negative effects of chemotherapy

Mesima (Meshimakobu) – Scientific Name: Phellinus Linteus

Mesima medicinal mushrooms have a high degree of popularity in Japan, China and Korea, where they are sometimes referred to as “miracle medicine.” For thousands of years, the great Emperors of ancient Chinese dynasties and Japanese royalty drank Mesima medicinal mushrooms that had been brewed into tea for vitality and long life. For centuries, Mesima medicinal mushrooms have been used in Asian medicine to promote overall health, wellbeing and longevity. Other Mesima mushroom health benefits may include:

Reducing the causes of cancer
Supporting a healthy liver
Reducing the causes of rheumatoid arthritis
Supporting heart health
Regulating blood pressure
Supporting anti-histamine properties

Enokitake – Scientific Name: Flammulina Velutipes

Coming complete with vitamins, minerals and healthy amino acids in every bite, Enokitake mushrooms are a great addition to any diet as well as an excellent medicinal mushroom. They are high in both dietary fiber and antioxidants. Enokitake medicinal mushrooms are frequently used in Eastern herbal remedies for cancer patients and as overall health boosters for patients of all types. Because of its low calorie count and high nutritional and medicinal value, Enokitake medicinal mushrooms have always been included in daily meals all around Asia. The health benefits of Enokitake mushrooms may consist of properties that assist in:

Supporting against cancer-causing agents
Promoting a normal response to inflammation
Scavenging for free radicals
Promoting heart health
Antiviral support
Anti-aging effects
Immune support

Artist’s Conk – Scientific Name: Ganoderma Applanatum

The Artist’s Conk medicinal mushroom gets its name because its piercing white underside can be used as a canvas by artists. Aside from its artistic qualities, Artist’s Conk may offer medicinal properties when consumed in tea or tinctures. Containing high amounts of polysaccharides, sterols and polyphenolic compounds, Artist’s Conk medicinal mushroom supplements may provide benefits related to:

The prevention of tumors
Antibacterial protection
Increased antioxidants
Anti-inflammatory support
Weight loss
The prevention of kidney disease

Shop Adaptogen Superfoods for Your Medicinal Mushroom Needs

Now that you know the benefits associated with medicinal mushrooms, you can begin to make more informed and educated decisions on what mushrooms you eat and what medicinal mushroom supplements you take. You can add a spoonful of our Adaptogenic mushroom powder to your morning cup of coffee, a favorite recipe or a post-workout smoothie for a great way to take your health into your own hands. Made with only the highest quality U.S.A.-grown medicinal mushrooms, we ensure our products are the pinnacle of safety and health. View our entire online store today.

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Chaga Supporting Studies

*Antimalarial activity of betulinic acid and derivatives in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in P. berghei-infected mice. de Sá MS, Costa JF, Krettli AU, Zalis MG, Maia GL, Sette IM, Câmara Cde A, Filho JM, Giulietti-Harley AM, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Soares MB. Parasitol Res. 2009;105(1): 275-9
*Aqueous extract from a Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (higher Basidiomycetes), prevents herpes simplex virus entry through inhibition of viral-induced membrane fusion. Pan HH et al. Int J Med Mushr. 2013;15(1):29-38.
*In vitro antitumor activity and structure characterization of ethanol extracts from wild and cultivated Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoro-mycetideae). Sun Y, Yin T, Chen XH, Zhang G, Curtis RB, Lu ZH, Jiang JH. Int J Med Mushr. 2011;13(2):121-30.
*Immunostimulating activity by polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus. Won DP, Lee JS, Kwon DS, Lee KE, Shin WC, Hong EK. Mol Cells. 2011 Feb;31(2):165-73.
*Anticancer Effects of Fraction Isolated from Fruiting Bodies of Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae): In Vitro Studies. Lemieszek MK, Langner E, Kaczor J, Kandefer-Szerszen M, Sanecka B, Mazurkiewicz W, Rzeski W. Int J Med Mushr. 2011;13(2):131-143
*Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus. Fan L, Ding S, Ai L, Deng K. Carbohydr Polym. 2012 Oct 1;90(2):870-4.
*Progress on understanding the anticancer mechanisms of medicinal mushroom: Inonotus obliquus. Song FQ, Liu Y, Kong XS, Chang W, Song G. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(3): 1571-8.

Cordyceps Supporting Studies

*Antiaging effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract. Ji DB, Ye J, Li CL, Wang YH, Zhao J, Cai SQ. Phytother Res. 2009;23(1):116-22.
*Increased aerobic capacity in healthy elderly humans given a fermentation product of Cordyceps CS-4. Xiao Y, Huang XZ, Chen G, Wang, MB, Zhu, JS, Cooper CB. FACSM Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 1999; 31(5):174.
*Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial and assessment of fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis (Cs-4) in enhancing aerobic capacity and respiratory function of the healthy elderly volunteers. Xiao Y, Huang XZ and Zhu JS. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2004;10,3:187-192.
*Effect of medicinal plant extracts on forced swimming capacity in mice. Jung K, Kim IH, Han D. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jul; 93(1):75-81.
*Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chen S, Li Z, Krochmal R, Abrazado M, Kim W, Cooper CB. J Altern Complement Med. 2010 May;16(5):585-90.
*In vivo and in vitro stimulatory effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells. Life Sci. 2003 Sep 5;73(16):2127-36.
*Improvement of sperm production in subfertile boars by Cordyceps militaris supplement. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(4): 631-41.
*RNA-directed agent, cordycepin, induces cell death in multiple myeloma cells. Chen LS, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. Br J Haematol. 2008 Mar;140(6):682-391. 30. Antitumour activity of Cordycepin in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 31, S51-S53. 2004.
*Cordycepin suppresses TNF-alpha-induced invasion, migration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in human bladder cancer cells. Lee EJ, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Phytother Res. 2010 Jun 17.
*Involvement of autophagy in cordycepin-induced apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. Lee HH et al. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;38(1):239-50.
*Cordyceps sinensis Supplementation as Immunonutrition in Alcohol Induced Liver Steatosis-II. Santos C. Mycology News, 2004;1(9):2-3.
*Medicinal value of the caterpillar fungi species of the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes). A Review. Holliday J, Cleaver M. Int J Med Mushr, 2008;10(3):219–234.

Reishi Supporting Studies

*Anticancer effects of Ganoderma lucidum: a review of scientific evidence. Yuen JW, Gohel MD. Nutr Cancer. 2005; 53(1):11-7.
*Regression of gastric large B-Cell lymphoma accompanied by a florid lymphoma-like T-cell reaction: immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) Cheuk W, Chan JK, Nuovo G, Chan MK, Fok M. Int J Surg Pathol. 2007;15(2):180-6.
*Effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with advanced lung cancer. Gao Y et al. J Med Food. 2005;8(2):159-68.
*Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment. Jin X, Ruiz Beguerie J, Sze DM, Chan GC. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jun 13.
*Antitumor activity of the sporoderm-broken germinating spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Liu X, Yuan JP, Chung CK, Chen XJ. Cancer Lett. 2002 Aug 28;182(2):155-61.
*Spore Powder of Ganoderma lucidum Improves Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Endocrine Therapy: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Huang X, Wang J, Kang X. Evid Based Complement Alt Med. Epub 2011 Dec 10.
*Anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum. (I). Inhibitory effect of oleic acid on histamine release. Tasaka K, Akagi M, Miyoshi K, Mio M, Makino T. Inflammation Research. 1988;23(3-4):153-6.
*Anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum. (II). The inhibitory effect of cyclooctasulfur on histamine release. Tasaka K, Mio M, Izushi K, Akagi M, Makino T. Inflammation Research. 1988;23(3-4):157-60.
*The use of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in the management of Histamine-mediated allergic responses. Powell M. Nutritional Practitioner Magazine. October 2004.
*Hepatoprotective effects of mushrooms. Soares AA, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht A, da Costa SM, Koehnlein EA, de Souza CG, Peralta RM. Molecules. 2013 Jul 1;18(7):7609-30.
*Antagonizing beta-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity of the anti-aging fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Lai CS, Yu MS, Yuen WH, So KF, Zee SY, Chang RC. Brain Res. 2008;1190:215-24.
*A preliminary study on the sleep-improvement function of the effective ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum fruitbody. Jia W, Wu M, Zhang JS, Liu YF. Acta Edulis Fungi. 2005;12(3):43-47.
*Sleep-promoting effects of Ganoderma extracts in rats: comparison between long-term and acute administrations. Honda K, Komoda Y, Inoué S. Tokyo Ika Shika Daigaku Iyo Kizai Kenkyusho Hokoku. 1988;22:77-82.
*Cholesterol-lowering properties of Ganoderma lucidum in vitro, ex-vivo, and in hamsters and minipigs. Berger A et al. Lipids Health Dis. 2004;3:2.
*Ganoderic acid and its derivatives as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Komoda Y, Shimizu M, Sonoda Y, Sato Y. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1989;37(2):531-3.

Shiitake Supporting Studies

Reishi Supporting Studies:
*Lentin, a novel and potent antifungal protein from shitake mushroom with inhibitory effects on activity of human immuno-deficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and proliferation of leukaemia cells. Ngai P.H, Ng T.B. Life Sci. 2003;73(26):3363-74.
*Individual patient based meta-analysis of lentinan for unresectable/recurrent gastric cancer. Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J. Anticancer Res. 2009;29(7):2739-45.
*Effects of lentinan in advanced or recurrent cases of gastric, colorectal, and breast cancer. Taguchi T. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1983;10(2 Pt 2): 387-93.
*Combination therapy with lentinan improves outcomes in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Wang JL, Bi Z, Zou JW, Gu XM. Mol Med Rep. 2012 Mar;5(3):745-8.
*Effect of lentinan for advanced prostate carcinoma. Tari K, Satake I, Nakagomi K, Ozawa K, Oowada F, Higashi Y, Negishi T, Yamada T, Saito H, Yoshida K. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1994;40(2):119-23.
*Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes). Ng ML, Yap AT. J Altern Complement Med. 2002;8(5):581-9.
*Effect of active hexose-correlated compound in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study. Hangai S et al. J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Nov;19(11):905-10.
Polysaccharide and extracts from Lentinula edodes: structural features and antiviral activity. Rincão VP, Yamamoto KA, Ricardo NM, Soares SA, Meirelles LD, Nozawa C, Linhares RE. Virol J. 2012 Feb 15;9:37.

Maitake Supporting Studies

*A polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa enhances the anti-tumour activity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against murine colon cancer. Masuda Y, Ito K, Konishi M, Nanba H. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010.
*Oral administration of soluble β-glucans extracted from Grifolafrondosa induces systemic antitumor immune response and decreases immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice. Masuda Y, Inoue H, Ohta H, Miyake A, Konishi M, Nanba H. Int J Cancer. 2013 Jul;133(1):108-19.
*Maitake D-fraction: healing and preventive potential for cancer. Nanba H. J Orthomolecular Med. 1997;12:43-49.
*Anti-diabetic activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Kubo K, Aoki H, Nanba H. Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17: 1106-1110.
*Anti-diabetic effect of an alpha-glucan from fruit body of maitake (Grifola frondosa) on KK-Ay mice. Hong L, Xun M, Wutong W. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007;59(4):575-82.
*Anti-cancer and hypoglycemic effects of Polysaccharides in edible and medicinal Maitake mushroom [Grifola frondosa(Dicks.: Fr.) S. F. Gray] Konno S et al. Int J Med Mushr 4(3).
*Dietary mushrooms reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Kabir Y, Kimura S. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 1989;35:91-94.

Turkey Tail Supporting Studies

*Anticancer effects and mechanisms of polysaccharide-K (PSK): Implications of cancer immunotherapy. Fisher M, Yang LX. Anticancer Res. 2002;22:1737-1754.
*Trametes versicolor mushroom immune therapy in breast cancer. Standish LJ, Wenner CA, Sweet ES, Bridge C, Nelson A, Martzen M, Novack J, Torkelson C. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2008; 6(3):122-8.
*The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment. Parris K. Alternative Medicine Rev. 2000:5(1).
*Efficacy of Yun Zhi (Coriolus versicolor) on survival in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eliza WL, Fai CK, Chung LP. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2012 Jan;6(1):78-87.
*PSP in clinical cancer therapy – a review. In: Yang Q, ed. Advanced Research in PSP, 1999. Liu T. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Association for Health Care Ltd; 1999:68-75.
*Postoperative long-term immunochemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Okudaira Y, Sugimachi K, Inokuchi K, et al. Jpn J Surg. 1982;12:249-256.
*The clinical use of Coriolus versicolor supplementation in HIV+ patients and the impact on CD4 count and viral load. Pfeiffer M. 3rd International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition, 2001.
*In vitro inactivation of herpes simplex virus by a biological response modifier, PSK. Monma Y, Kawana T, Shimizu F. Antiviral Res. 1997;35:131-138.

Lions Mane Supporting Studies

*The anti-Dementia effect of Lion’s Mane mushroom and its clinical application. Kawagishi H, Zhuang C, Shnidman E. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, 2004.
*Erinacines E, F, and G, stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum. Kawagishi H et al. Tetra Lett. 1996 37(41):7399-402.
*Neurotrophic factors—a tool for therapeutic strategies in neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuroimmunological diseases? Schulte-Herbrüggen O, Braun A, Rochlitzer S, Jockers-Scherübl MC, Hellweg R. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(22):2318-29.
*The nerve growth factor and the neuroscience chess board. Levi-Montalcini R. Prog. Brain Res. 2004, 146: 525–7.
*Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):367-72.
*Regeneration of primary sensory neurons. Donnerer J. Pharmacology. 2003;67(4):169-81.
*Nerve growth factor and diabetic neuropathy. Pittenger G, Vinik A. Exp Diabesity Res. 2003;4(4):271-85.
*Neurotrophic Properties of the Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia. Lai PL et al. Int J Med Mushr. 2013;15(6):539-554
*Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Hayashi C, Sato D, Kitagawa K, Ohnuki K. Biomed Res. 2010 Aug;31(4):231-7.
*Neurotropic and trophic action of Lion’s Mane mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) extracts on nerve cells in vitro. Moldavan MG, Grygansky AP, Kolotushkina OV, Kirchhoff B, Skibo GG, Pedarzani P. Int J Med Mush. 2007;9(1).

Royal Sun Blazei Supporting Studies

*Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with urologic cancer: a prospective study at a single Japanese institution. Yoshinura W, Ueda N, Ichioka K, Matsui Y, Terai A, Arai Y. Support Care Cancer. 2005;13:685-90.
*Antitumour beta-glucan from the cultured fruit body of Agaricus blazei. Ohno N, Furukawa N, and Miura N. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;24:820–828.
*Tumour-specific cytocidal and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycete Agaricus blazei Murrill. Fujimiya Y, Suzuki Y, Katakura R, and Ebina T. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:113–118.
*Immunostimulatory activities of a low molecular weight antitumoural polysaccharide isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill (LMPAB) in Sarcoma 180 ascitic tumour-bearing mice. Niu YC, Liu J.C, Zhao XM, Su F.Q, Cui HX. Pharmazie. 2009;64(7):472-6.
*Antitumour effect of a peptide-glucan preparation extracted from Agaricus blazei in a double-grafted tumour system in mice. Ebina T, and Fujimiya Y. Biotherapy. 1998;11:259–265.
*Fractionation and antitumour activity of the water-insoluble residue of Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies. Kawagishi H, Inagaki R, Kanao T, Mizuno T, Shimura K, Ito H, Hagiwar T, and NakamuraT. Carbohyd. Res. 1989;186:267–273.
*Isolation of an antitumour compound (Ergosterol) from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of action. Takaku T, Kimura Y, Okuda HJ. Nutr. 2001;131:1409–1413.
*Immunomodulating activity of Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 in mice and in human volunteers. Liu Y et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008;5(2):205-219
*Natural killer cell activity and quality of life were improved by consumption of a mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa, in gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Ahn WS, et al. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004;14(4):589-594.
*Observation on treatment effect of Agaricus blazei against alimentary tract tumour. Wang J, Mou XM and Cheng RZ Gansu Med J. 1994;13:5–7.
*Effects of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on immunity, infection and cancer. Hetland G, Johnson E, Lyberg T, Bernardshaw S, Tryggestad A.M, Grinde B. Scand J Immunol. 2008;68(4):363-70.

Mesima Supporting Studies

*Antitumour activity of some basidiomycetes, especially Phellinus linteus. Ikekawa et al. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1968;59:155-157.
*Spontaneous regression of a large hepatocellular carcinoma with skull metastasis. Nam SW et al. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005; 20(3):488-92.
*A case of spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple lung metastases. Kojima H, Tanigawa N, Kariya S, Komemushi A, Shomura Y, Sawada S, Arai E, Yokota Y. Radiat Med. 2006;24(2):139-42.
*Modulation of lung cancer growth arrest and apoptosis by Phellinus Linteus. Guo J, Zhu T, Collins L, Xiao ZX, Kim SH, Chen CY. Mol Carcinog. 2007;46(2):144-54.
*Phellinus linteus sensitises apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in prostate cancer. Collins L, Zhu T, Guo J, Xiao ZJ, Chen CY. Br J Cancer. 2006;95(3):282-8.
*Phellinus linteus suppresses growth, angiogenesis and invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of AKT signalling. Sliva D, Jedinak A, Kawasaki J, Harvey K, Slivova V. Br J Cancer. 2008;98(8):1348-56.
*Effect of various natural products on growth of bladder cancer cells: two promising mushroom extracts. Konno S, Alt Med Rev. 2007;12(1):63-68.
*Acidic polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus inhibits melanoma cell metastasis by blocking cell adhesion and invasion. Han SB, Lee CW, Kang JS, Yoon YD, Lee KH, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(4):697-702.
*Oral administration of proteoglycan isolated from Phellinus linteus in the prevention and treatment of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Kim GY, Kim SH, Hwang SY, Kim HY, Park YM, Park SK, Lee MK, Lee SH, Lee TH, Lee JD. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(6):823-31.
*Antiarthritic activity of a Polysaccharide-protein complex isolated from Phellinus rimosus (Berk.) Pilát (Aphyllo-phoromycetideae) in Freund’s complete adjuvant–induced arthritic rats. Meera CR, Smina TP, Nitha B, Mathew J, Janardhanan KK. Int J Med Mushr. 2009;11(1):21-28.
*Phellinus linteus Extract Exerts Anti-asthmatic Effects by Suppressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK Activity in an OVA-induced Mouse Model of Asthma. Yan GH, Choi YH. Immune Netw. 2014 Apr;14(2):107-15.

Enokitake Supporting Studies

*Beneficial effects of edible and medicinal mushrooms on health care. Ikekawa T - Int J Med Mushr. 2001;3(4):8-12. 2. Cancer Risk Reduction by Intake of Mushrooms and Clinical Studies on EEM. Ikekawa T. Int J Med Mush. 2005;7(3):347.
*Investigation of immunomodulating activity of the medicinal mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. in vitro. Cytokine induction by fruiting body extract Badalyan S, Hambardzumyan L.A. Int J Med Mush. 2001;3(2-3):110-111.
*Purification, characterization and immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides isolated from Flammulina velutipes mycelium. Yin H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen T, Tang H, Wang M. Am J Chin Med. 2010;38(1):191-204.
*High processing tolerances of immunomodulatory proteins in Enoki and Reishi mushrooms. Tong MH, Chien PJ, Chang HH, Tsai MJ, Sheu F. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(9):3160-6.
*Interruption of lung cancer cell migration and proliferation by fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve from Flammulina velutipes. Chang YC, Hsiao YM, Wu MF, Ou CC, Lin YW, Lue KH, Ko JL. J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Dec 11;61(49):12044-52.
*Immunomodulation and antitumour activity of a mushroom product, Proflamin, isolated from Flammulina velutipes (W. Curt.: Fr.) Singer (Agaricomycetideae). Maruyama H, Ikekawa T. Int J Med Mushr. 2007;9(2):20.
*Oral administration of an Enoki mushroom protein FVE activates innate and adaptive immunity and induces anti-tumour activity against murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Chang HH, Hsieh KY, Yeh CH, Tu YP, Sheu F. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010;10(2):239-46.
*Coadministration of the fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-Fve and a tumour-associated antigen enhanced antitumour immunity. Ding Y, Seow SV, Huang CH, Liew LM, Lim YC, Kuo IC, Chua KY. Immunology. 2009;128(1Sup):881-94.

Artist’s Conk Supporting Studies

*Acharya, Krishnendu, Parinita Yonzone, Manjula Rai, and Rupa Acharya. “Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Properties of Ganoderma Applanatum.” Indian Journal of Experimental Biology43 (2005): 926-29. Web. 18 Mar. 2015.
*Hobbs, Christopher. Medicinal Mushrooms: An Exploration of Tradition, Healing & Culture. Santa Cruz, CA: Botanica, 1995. Print.
*Rogers, Robert Dale. The Fungal Pharmacy: The Complete Guide to Medicinal Mushrooms and Lichens of North America. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic, 2011. Print.
*Stamets, Paul, and C. Dusty Wu Yao. “Ganoderma Applanatum.” Mycomedicinals: An Informational Booklet on Medicinal Mushrooms. Olympia, WA: MycoMedia, 2002. 22-24. Print.
*Oyetayo, Ov. “Medicinal Uses of Mushrooms in Nigeria: Towards Full and Sustainable Exploitation.” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines8.3 (2011): n. pag. Web.
*Jeong, Yong-Tae, Byung-Keun Yang, Sang-Chul Jeong, Sang-Min Kim, and Chi-Hyun Song. “Ganoderma Applanatum: A Promising Mushroom for Antitumor and Immunomodulating Activity.” Phytotherapy Research22.5 (2008): 614-19. Web.
*Kim, Ji-Eun, Sung-Jin Park, and Mi-Hee Yu. “Effect of Ganoderma Applanatum Mycelium Extract on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.” Journal of Medicinal Food17.10 (2014): 1086-094. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
*Usui, Taichi, and Yoshio Iwasaki. “Antitumor Activity of Water-Solubleβ- D-Glucan Elaborated by Ganoderma Applanatum.” Agricultural and Biological Chemistry(2014): n. pag. Web.
*Ma, Jie-Qiong, Chan-Min Liu, Zhi-Hong Qin, Ji-Hong Jiang, and Yun-Zhi Sun. “Ganoderma Applanatum Terpenes Protect Mouse Liver against Benzo(α)pyren-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.”Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology31.3 (2011): 460-68. Web.
*Luo, Qi, Lei Di, Xiao-Hua Yang, and Yong-Xian Cheng. “Applanatumols A and B, Meroterpenoids with Unprecedented Skeletons from Ganoderma Applanatum.” RSC Adv. 6.51 (2016): 45963-5967. Web.